Luminescent lanthanide mixed N-phthaloylglycinate and terephthalate coordination polymers: Structural and optical properties.

A new class of lanthanide mixed-carboxylate ligands compounds with formula {[Ln2 (phthgly)4 (bdc)(H2 O)6 ]·(H2 O)4 }∞ , labelled as Ln3+ : Eu (1) and Gd (2) coordination polymers (CP) were synthesized under mild reaction conditions between lanthanide nitrate salts and a solution of N-phthaloylglycine (phthgly) and terephthalic (bdc) ligands. The (1) and (2) coordination polymers were formed by symmetric binuclear units, in which phthgly and bdc carboxylate ligands are coordinated to the lanthanide ions by different coordination modes. Surprisingly, all organic ligands participate in hydrogen bonding interactions, forming an extremally rigid crystalline structure. The red narrow emission bands from the 5 D0 →7 FJ transitions of the Eu3+ ion show a high colour purity. The intramolecular energy transfer process from L→Eu3+ ion has been discussed. The experimental intensity parameters (Ω2,4 ) reflect lower angular distortion and polarizability of the chemical environment around the metal ion compared with other Eu3+ compounds reported in the literature. This novel class of coordination polymer offers a more attractive platform for developing luminescent functional materials for different applications.

Talent Identification and Development in Male Futsal: A Systematic Review.

This review aimed to identify and synthesize the most significant literature addressing talent identification and development in futsal. A systematic review of Web of Science™ (all databases), Scopus, PubMed and SPORTDiscus databases was performed according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. This study included original articles in English, Spanish or Portuguese containing relevant data on talent development/identification of male futsal players. The search yielded 238 articles. After screening, a total of 32 manuscripts were fully reviewed. The quality of the data reviewed was generally good. Results indicate that the most successful players exhibit technical, tactical, anthropometric, physiological and psychological advantages and are distinguished from lower-level players based on their earlier dedication to training. This review highlights the need for those involved in the process of identifying and developing talented futsal players to consider the technical and tactical skills of futsal players, along with their anthropometric and physiological characteristics, scaled to age. Finally, special attention should be paid to the supportive psychosocial environments created in sports academies for developing futsal players. Overall, talent identification and development programmes in futsal need to be dynamic and offer the possibility of changing assessment parameters in the long term.

Enhancing the Luminescence of Eu(III) Complexes with the Ruthenocene Organometallic Unit as Ancillary Ligand.

Five novel Eu(III)-ß-diketonate complexes containing ruthenocene ancillary ligands (1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphoryl)ruthenocene─RcBPO) were synthesized and characterized. The coordination compounds presented the general formula [Eu(ß-dik)3(RcBPO)], where ß-dik stands for 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetonate (tta), 3-benzoyl-1,1,1-trifluoroacetone (btf), 2-dibenzoylmethanate (dbm), 2-acetyl-1,3-indandionate (aind), and 2-benzoyl-1,3-indandionate (bind), and RcBPO stands for 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphoryl)ruthenocene. The [Eu(aind)3(RcBPO)] complex crystallizes in a monoclinic Cc non-centrosymmetric space group with the europium site environment, assuming a bicapped trigonal prism coordination polyhedron with the symmetry point group close to C2v. Photoluminescent properties for the solid-state samples were described in terms of excitation, emission, lifetime decay curves, and intrinsic and overall quantum yields. The replacement of the two coordinated H2O molecules by the RcBPO ancillary ligand leads to great enhancements of the overall quantum yields (QEuL), with the minimum increment by a factor of 5 for the case of [Eu(btf)3(RcBPO)] and the maximum enhancement of 270 times for the case of the [Eu(dbm)3(RcBPO)] complex. In addition, theoretical calculations were carried out to model the spectroscopic properties of the investigated compounds. To obtain theoretical Judd-Ofelt parameters (Ωλ, λ = 2, 4, and 6) and intramolecular energy transfer rates, the JOYSpectra web platform was employed using the structure obtained from density functional theory calculations. Hence, a rate equation model provided theoretical overall quantum yields, which are in great agreement with measured data.

The Effect of Acute Caffeine Ingestion on Tactical Performance of Professional Soccer Players.

In soccer, physical, tactical, and decision-making processes are highly important facets of successful performance. Caffeine has well established effects for promoting both physical and cognitive performance, but the translation of such benefits specifically for soccer match play is not well established. This study examined the effects of acute caffeine ingestion on tactical performance during small-sided games (SSG) in professional soccer players. Nineteen soccer players (22 ± 4 years) underwent a randomized, counterbalanced, crossover, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. The protocol consisted of 5 bouts of 5-min SSG with 3 players plus a goalkeeper in each team (3 + GK × 3 + GK) with each SSG separated by 1 min rest intervals. Tactical performance was assessed using the system of tactical assessment in soccer (FUT-SAT). Prior to each experimental trial, participants ingested caffeine (5 mg·kg-1) or a placebo 60 min before the protocol. Overall, caffeine ingestion resulted in an increased ball possession time when compared to the placebo. When the offensive and defensive core principles were analyzed, the results were equivocal. Caffeine resulted in positive effects on some tactical decisions during the protocol, but it was deleterious or promoted no observed effect on other of the core tactical principles. Caffeine ingestion resulted in less offensive (during SSG3) and defensive (SSG 2, SSG3, and SSG4) errors. Caffeine ingestion also resulted in higher total offensive success during SSG 1 and SSG2, but it was detrimental during SSG3. Additionally, total defensive success was lower for the caffeine conditions during SSG 2 and SSG5 when compared to the placebo. In conclusion, caffeine influenced aspects of tactical decisions in soccer, resulting in fewer offensive and defensive errors, although it may be deleterious considering other tactical parameters. Future studies may clarify the effects of caffeine ingestion on specific decision-making parameters in soccer.

Thermal Stability Kinetics and Shelf Life Estimation of the Redox-Active Therapeutic and Mimic of Superoxide Dismutase Enzyme, Mn(III) meso-Tetrakis(N-ethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin Chloride (MnTE-2-PyPCl5, BMX-010).

Mn(III) meso-tetrakis(N-ethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin chloride (MnTE-2-PyPCl5, BMX-010, and AEOL10113) is among the most studied superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimics and redox-active therapeutics, being currently tested as a drug candidate in a phase II clinical trial on atopic dermatitis and itch. The thermal stability of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) is useful for estimating the expiration date and shelf life of pharmaceutical products under various storage and handling conditions. The thermal decomposition and kinetic parameters of MnTE-2-PyPCl5 were determined by thermogravimetry (TG) under nonisothermal and isothermal conditions. The first thermal degradation pathway affecting Mn-porphyrin structural integrity and, thus, activity and bioavailability was associated with loss of ethyl chloride via N-dealkylation reaction. The thermal stability kinetics of the N-dealkylation process leading to MnTE-2-PyPCl5 decomposition was investigated by using isoconversional models and artificial neural network. The new multilayer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network approach allowed the simultaneous study of ten solid-state kinetic models and showed that MnTE-2-PyPCl5 degradation is better explained by a combination of various mechanisms, with major contributions from the contraction models R1 and R2. The calculated activation energy values from isothermal and nonisothermal data were about 90 kJ mol-1 on average and agreed with one another. According to the R1 modelling of the isothermal decomposition data, the estimated shelf life value for 10% decomposition (t 90%) of MnTE-2-PyPCl5 at 25°C was approximately 17 years, which is consistent with the high solid-state stability of the compound. These results represent the first study on the solid-state decomposition kinetics of Mn(III) 2-N-alkylpyridylporphyrins, contributing to the development of this class of redox-active therapeutics and SOD mimics and providing supporting data to protocols on purification, handling, storage, formulation, expiration date, and general use of these compounds.

Can Rules in Technical-Tactical Decisions Influence on Physical and Mental Load during Soccer Training? A Pilot Study.

This study aimed to analyze the effects of rules limitations in pass decisions during soccer tasks on physical and mental load reported by players. Participants were 40 semiprofessional Spanish soccer players (Mage = 22.40, SD = 2.25) from two male teams. Two training sessions with four tasks (same tasks with different score system: two maintaining ball possession games with goalkeepers, and two maintaining ball possession games) in counterbalanced order between teams were completed. To achieve a goal during limitation tasks, a minimum number of players had to participate in the passes before the goal. Internal (perceived effort and heart rate) and external physical load (distances), mental load (validated adaptation of the NASA-TXL) and fatigue (VASfatigue) were quantified. Paired t-test and magnitude-based inference were conducted. The results showed significantly higher mean speeds (p < 0.01), effort perception (p < 0.001), and mental fatigue (very likely positive) during possession games with restrictions. Additionally, performance satisfaction obtained significantly higher values with goalkeepers and pass restrictions (very likely positive). External physical load showed no significant differences between situations. The influence of mental fatigue on internal load and the complexity of the tasks could explain these results. Coaches can use this information to manipulate the training load in ecological conditions.

Monitoring of overtraining and motivation in elite soccer players

Abstract Aim: This study aimed to monitor the behavior of the overtraining and motivations dimensions, as well as to verify whether these dimensions correlate in the preparatory and competitive periods over the season. Methods: Professional soccer players (n = 32) answered the Stress and Recovery Questionnaire for Athletes (RESTQ-Sport 76) and the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS) during the preparatory and competitive periods. Results: Intrinsic amotivation and sport-specific recovery were lower in the competitive period than in the preparatory period. In the preseason, motivation presented a strong and negative correlation with overall recovery (p = 0.001; r = −0.75; r2 = 0.56) and sport-specific recovery (p = 0.001; r = −0.72; r2 = 0.52). The amotivation explained in 56% the variance of the results of the overall recovery and 52% of the sport-specific recovery. During the competitive phase, amotivation showed a strong and positive correlation with overall stress (p = 0.001; r = 0.70; r2 = 0.49) and sport-specific stress (p = 0.001; r = 0.79; r2= 0.62). The amotivation accounted for 49% of the variance in the results of the overall stress and 62% of sport-specific stress in soccer players. Conclusion: There are associations between overtraining and motivation during the investigated periods. Through longitudinal monitoring in professional soccer, it was verified that the dimensions of amotivation, overall recovery, and sport-specific stress could be related to the prevention symptoms of overtraining in a professional soccer team.

TacticUP Video Test for Soccer: Development and Validation.

This study aims to expand the process of tactical assessment of soccer players through the development and validation of a video-based test based on core tactical principles of play. The TacticUP video test for soccer is composed of offensive and defensive video sequences of 11vs11 soccer situations. Participants should choose the most appropriate solution for each video sequence. Content validity was established based on a panel of nine experts from four different countries. Construct validity was assessed through the comparison between players with distinct expertise levels. Comparisons between groups' final scores showed statistical differences (p < 0.05) in 10 out of the 15 variables assessed, in which the expert group displayed higher values compared to the non-expert group. Face validity examined the acceptability and suitability of the test by players. Reliability was determined through the test-retest method for each video sequence, and Cohen's Kappa values ranged from 0.622 to 1.0. Therefore, the TacticUP video test showed adequate content, construct, and face validity and was a reliable measure of perceptual-cognitive and decision-making skills in soccer. We overcame limitations from previous video-based tests in soccer by introducing situations concerning off-the-ball movements in both offensive and defensive phases. The practical applications of this test are: (i) it can be used to monitor players' perceptual-cognitive and decision-making skills; (ii) the test is based on players' response selection in a video-based test, which enables the measurement of their perceptual-cognitive and decision-making skills based on the core tactical principles of play; (iii) generate players' tactical profile considering their perceptual-cognitive and decision-making skills based on core tactical principles of play; and (iv) measure the effectiveness of intervention/training programs on the development of perceptual-cognitive and decision-making skills.

The Effects of Agility Ladders on Performance: A Systematic Review.

The goal of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of exercise programs using agility ladders and to assess the quality of available evidence. Search was conducted in October of 2019 using the following databases: Cochrane Library, PEDro, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Study eligibility criteria included randomized trials or randomized controlled trials using agility ladders drills. Participants were healthy humans of any health status. The study appraisal and synthesis methods followed the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2) and a qualitative synthesis of the main results of each study were applied. Only five studies met our criteria, lasting between 4 and 8 weeks. Only two studies evaluated the effects of ladder drills on more than one dimension. Lack of description of the specific exercises that were used limits reproducibility of current studies. With one exception, the articles had low risk of bias for most domains. Despite the widespread popularity of agility ladder drills, research is scarce and problematic, with poorly described protocols and mostly unidimensional performance measures. Claims that agility ladders improve agility and other physical skills is premature, given the nature and quality of existing research.

How does mental fatigue affect soccer performance during small-sided games? A cognitive, tactical and physical approach.

OBJECTIVES: We examine how mental fatigue (MF) influences peripheral perception, tactical behaviour, and physical performance of soccer players during a standardized small-sided game. METHODS: Eighteen male university first-team soccer players participated. A modified Stroop task and the Vienna Test System were employed to induce MF and to evaluate players' peripheral perception, respectively. The FUT-SAT test was used to assess participants' tactical behaviour and physical performance was quantified using GPS technology. RESULTS: MF decreased players' visual field (pre-test = 189.9° and post-test = 181.6°). Additionally, MF constrained players to more frequently perform actions related to the tactical principles of penetration, depth mobility, and defensive unity, and less frequently perform actions of defensive coverage and balance. During MF, players showed decreased accuracy in actions related to the principles of offensive coverage, width and length, offensive unity, delay, balance, concentration, and defensive unity. Finally, under MF players covered higher total distance and at more moderate speed. CONCLUSIONS: MF decreased players' peripheral perception, making them prioritize actions towards the opposing goal and protecting their own goal, while displaying more errors for most tactical actions. In summary, MF impaired several aspects of players' cognitive and tactical behaviours, causing a compensatory increase in physical performance.

Mental fatigue in soccer: a systematic review / Fadiga mental no futebol: uma revisão sistemática / Fatiga mental en el fútbol: una revisión sistemática

ABSTRACT Fatigue in soccer players is traditionally investigated based on neuromuscular and metabolic factors. However, given that soccer is one of the sports that has the highest cognitive demand, it is believed that players' performance might also be influenced by the high levels of attention, and frequent decision-making required in soccer. This systematic review aimed to verify the effects of mental fatigue on physical, technical, tactical and cognitive performance of soccer players. We searched in the electronic databases Pubmed, Web of Science and Scopus, for articles published up to 30 April 2018. We included articles that used a protocol of mental fatigue through cognitive tasks performed prior to a physical or cognitive task related to soccer. Only studies that presented an experimental design with the control condition (without mental fatigue) and the experimental condition (with mental fatigue) were selected. A total of six articles met the inclusion criteria, one study by backward reference search and other through the authors' indication. The results showed smaller distances covered in physical tests, while the effects of mental fatigue on physical performance in small-sided games were not clear. In technical tests, there were more penalties in passes and less accuracy and speed when kicking the ball when players were in conditions of mental fatigue. Regarding the tactical variables, it was found that mental fatigue had a detrimental effect on the synchronization between team players and on individual tactical performance in defensive actions. In cognitive tests, based on video recordings of game play, negative effects on the players' speed and accuracy of decision-making were observed. According to the results of the literature search, it can be inferred that mental fatigue is a factor that has a negative influence on soccer performance. Level of evidence II; Systematic review.

RESUMO No futebol, a fadiga é tradicionalmente investigada sob uma perspectiva neuromuscular e metabólica. Entretanto, já que o futebol é uma das modalidades esportivas com maior demanda cognitiva, acredita-se que a exigência de elevados níveis atencionais e as frequentes tomadas de decisões sejam fatores que influenciem o desempenho dos jogadores de futebol. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar, através de uma revisão sistemática, os efeitos da fadiga mental sobre o desempenho físico, técnico, tático e cognitivo dos jogadores de futebol. Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados eletrônicas Pubmed, Web of Science e Scopus até 30 de abril de 2018. Incluiram-se artigos que utilizaram um protocolo de fadiga mental através das tarefas cognitivas realizadas previamente a uma tarefa física ou cognitiva relacionada ao futebol. Somente foram selecionados estudos que apresentaram um desenho experimental com a condição controle (sem fadiga mental) e experimental (com fadiga mental). No total, foram selecionados seis estudos que atenderam aos critérios estabelecidos, um estudo por busca reversa e outro por indicação dos autores. Os resultados indicaram menores distâncias percorridas em testes físicos, enquanto que os efeitos da fadiga mental sobre o desempenho físico em jogos reduzidos não foram evidentes. Em testes técnicos, houve maior número de penalizações em passes e menor precisão e velocidade da bola nos chutes na condição de fadiga mental. Em relação às variáveis táticas, foram encontrados efeitos prejudiciais da fadiga mental sobre a sincronização entre os jogadores das equipes e o desempenho tático individual em ações defensivas. Em testes cognitivos, também foram verificados efeitos negativos sobre o tempo e a precisão para a tomada de decisão dos jogadores em testes de vídeo. A partir dos resultados dos estudos analisados, torna-se possível inferir que a fadiga mental é um fator que influencia negativamente o desempenho dos jogadores de futebol. Nível de evidência II; Revisão sistemática.

RESUMEN En el fútbol, la fatiga es tradicionalmente investigada desde una perspectiva neuromuscular y metabólica. Entretanto, ya que el f'útbol es una de las modalidades deportivas con mayor demanda cognitiva, se cree que la exigencia de elevados niveles de atención y las frecuentes tomas de decisión sean factores que influencien el desempeño de los jugadores de fútbol. Siendo así, el objetivo del presente estudio fue verificar, a través de una revisión sistemática, los efectos de la fatiga mental sobre el desempeño físico, técnico, táctico y cognitivo de los jugadores de fútbol. Fueron realizadas búsquedas en las bases de datos electrónicas Pubmed, Web of Science y Scopus hasta 30 de abril de 2018. Se incluyeron artículos que utilizaron un protocolo de fatiga mental a través de las tareas cognitivas realizadas previamente a una tarea física o cognitiva relacionada al fútbol. Solamente fueron seleccionados estudios que presentaron un diseño experimental con la condición control (sin fatiga mental) y experimental (con fatiga mental). En total, fueron seleccionados seis estudios que atendieron los criterios establecidos, un estudio por búsqueda reversa y otro por indicación de los autores. Los resultados indicaron menores distancias recorridas en tests físicos, mientras que los efectos de la fatiga mental sobre el desempeño físico en partidos reducidos no fueron evidentes. En tests técnicos, hubo mayor número de penalizaciones en pases y menor precisión y velocidad de la pelota en los tiros en la condición de fatiga mental. Con relación a las variables tácticas, fueron encontrados efectos perjudiciales de la fatiga mental sobre la sincronización entre los jugadores de los equipos y el desempeño táctico individual en acciones defensivas. En tests cognitivos, también fueron verificados efectos negativos sobre el tiempo y la precisión para la toma de decisión de los jugadores en tests de vídeo. A partir de los resultados de los estudios analizados, se hace posible inferir que la fatiga mental es un factor que influencia negativamente el desempeño de los jugadores de fútbol. Nivel de evidencia II; Revisión sistemática.

Luminescence properties of the Ln-EDTA complexes covalently linked to the chitosan biopolymers containing ß-diketonate as antenna ligands.

This paper reports on the preparation, characterization, and photoluminescence properties of novel hybrid materials, in which the EDTA-Ln-L complexes (where L: H2 O, acac, bzac, dbm, and tta ligands, and Ln: Eu, Gd, and Tb) were covalently linked to the precursor medium molecular weight chitosan surface (CS) matrices or on the chitosan surfaces previously crosslinked with epichlorohydrin (CSech). The emission spectra of these materials were characterized by intraconfigurational-4fN transitions centred on the Eu3+ and Tb3+ ions. Some broad bands from the polymeric matrix were also observed in the emission spectra, however the relative intensities of the intraconfigurational bands increased significantly for systems containing diketonate ligands when the antenna effect became more efficient. The values of the radiative rates (Arad ) were higher for crosslinked hybrid systems with epichlorohydrin, while nonradiative rates (Anrad ) presented the opposite behaviour. These data contributed to an increase in the values of emission quantum efficiency (η) for crosslinked materials. The effect of the modification process and antenna ligand on the values of intensities, intensity parameters Ω2 e Ω4 of the Eu3+ complexes were also investigated. The results showed that the crosslinked biopolymer surfaces have great potential for applications in molecular devices light converters.

Prevalence of burnout in soccer athletes of the under-20 category over a sports season / Prevalência do burnout em atletas de futebol da categoria sub-20 ao longo de uma temporada esportiva

ABSTRACT The aims of the current study were: (a) to construct a reference table for burnout in soccer athletes of the U-20 category and (b) to verify the individual oscillations in the perception of these athletes in relation to burnout over three periods of the sports season. In total, 53 U-20 soccer athletes participated. The Athlete Burnout Questionnaire, Brazilian version, was applied to athletes during training, competition, and vacation periods of the sports season. A reference table was built for under-20 soccer athletes for each assessment period. Fluctuations were observed in the mean values of the total burnout frequency of the athletes during the 3 periods: training ( X ¯=1.35 ± 0.13 and X ¯=2.11 ± 0.19), competition ( X ¯=1.26 ± 0.13 and X ¯=2.27 ± 0.24), and vacation ( X ¯=1.27 ± 0.14 and X ¯= 2.18 ± 0.28). Based on this table and the individual classification of each athlete, it was observed that 32 athletes presented fluctuations in the perception of burnout during the sports season and 21 athletes did not present fluctuations in feelings of burnout during the three evaluation periods. The period with the highest number of athletes (n = 17) with a high level of burnout was the training period. It is concluded that it is not possible to establish a single and collective behavior regarding the fluctuations in burnout levels in athletes of the U-20 category during a sports season, and that the category reference table contributes to greater accuracy of the burnout evaluation in each period in the season.

RESUMO Os objetivos deste estudo foram (a) construir uma tabela de referência para o burnout em atletas de futebol da categoria sub-20 e (b) verificar as oscilações individuais na percepção destes atletas em relação ao burnout ao longo de três períodos da temporada esportiva. Participaram 53 atletas de futebol da categoria sub-20. Foi utilizado o Questionário de Burnout para Atleta nos períodos de treinamento, competição e férias durante uma temporada esportiva. Foi construída uma tabela de referência do burnout para atletas de futebol da categoria sub-20 para cada período avaliado. Foram encontradas oscilações nos valores médios da frequência do burnout total dos atletas durante os 3 períodos: treinamento( X ¯=1,35±0,13 e X ¯=2,11±0,19), competição ( X ¯=1,26±0,13 e X ¯=2,27±0,24) e férias ( X ¯=1,27±0,14 e X ¯=2,18±0,28).Baseado na tabela de referência e na classificação individual de cada atleta observou-se que 32 atletas apresentaram oscilações na percepção de burnout durante a temporada esportiva e 21 atletas não apresentaram oscilações nos sentimentos de burnout ao longo dos 3 períodos de avaliação. O período que teve o maior número de atletas (n=17) com alto nível de burnout foi o de treinamento. Conclui-se que não é possível estabelecer um comportamento único e coletivo a respeito das oscilações dos níveis de burnout em atletas da categoria sub-20 durante uma temporada esportiva e que a tabela de referência da categoria contribui para uma maior acertibilidade da avaliação do burnout em cada período da temporada.

Variability of Technical Actions During Small-Sided Games in Young Soccer Players.

The purpose of this study was three-fold: (i) to test the between-sessions variability of 3 vs. 3 and 6 vs. 6 formats in under-11 players, (ii) to assess the within-session variability of 3 vs. 3 and 6 vs. 6 formats, and (iii) to investigate the variations of technical actions between formats. Sixteen soccer players (10.1 ± 0.3 years old) participated in this study. Both formats of play were played twice within an interval of one week to test the between-session variability and the variables of conquered balls (CBs), received balls (RBs), lost balls (LBs), attacking balls/passes (ABs) and shots (Ss) were analyzed using the Performance Assessment in Team Sports instrument in all matches. Moderate variations on the sum of sets during the 3 vs. 3 and 6 vs. 6 formats were observed in all variables. Considering the variations of technical actions made between sets in the 3 vs. 3 format, likely moderate increases were found in set 2 vs. 1 in terms of RB (37.5%, [-2.7;94.2]), and likely small decreases were found in set 3 vs. 2 for the same variable (-18.3%, [-37.8;7.3]). In the 6 vs. 6 format, only possibly small increases were found for set 3 vs. 1 in S (22.5%, [-7.0;61.3]). Generally (sum of sets), the variables standardized per minute revealed almost certain very large decreases in the 6 vs. 6 vs. the 3 vs. 3 format in the variables of CB (-67.9%, [-75.3;-55.9]), LB (-66.0%, [-73.9;-55.7]), RB (-65.6%, [-74.8;- 53.1]) and S (-87.6%, [-93.1;-77.7]). The results of this study suggest that both formats of play are too noisy to be reproducible. The 3 vs. 3 format largely increased the number of individual technical actions.

Variations of external load variables between medium- and large-sided soccer games in professional players.

This study compared the relative physical demands of official matches and sided games (medium and large) in professional soccer players by means of a global positioning system. Twenty-three professional male soccer players (24.63[Formula: see text]2.84 years old; 180.94[Formula: see text]6.49 cm; 77.19[Formula: see text]6.46 kg; 52.99[Formula: see text]5.01 VO2max) participated in the study. Total distance, running distance, sprinting distance, number of sprints, and acceleration sum were quantified per minute to compare the different games. Running distance in full match was greater than in 5vs5+GK (d = 2.303, moderate effect), 6vs6+GK (d = 1.719, moderate effect) and 9vs9+GK (d = 1.084, minimum effect) sided games. Greater values for sprinting distance were found in the full match compared to 5vs5+GK (d = 3.673, strong effect), 6vs6+GK (d = 2.606, moderate effect) and 9vs9+GK (d = 1.903, moderate effect) sided games. However, the load was greater in the 5vs5+GK game compared to the 6vs6+GK (d = 1.323, moderate effect) and 9vs9+GK (d = 1.030, minimum effect) games and the full match (d = 1.478, moderate effect). This study revealed that medium-sided games are not appropriate for simulating the sprinting conditions of official full matches. However, medium-sided games are more intense than full matches in that accelerations are made more often in medium-sided games.

Asociación entre el control inhibitorio y el rendimiento táctico de los jugadores de fútbol sub-15 / Association between inhibitory control and tactical performance of under-15 soccer players / Associação entre controle inibitório e desempenho tático de jogadores de futebol com menos de 15 anos

This study aimed to investigate the association between inhibitory control and tactical performance of under-15 soccer players. Data from 166 under-15 soccer players were analyzed. The tactical performance and the inhibitory control were assessed by the System of Tactical Assessment in Soccer (FUT-SAT) and by Conners Continuous Performance Test 2nd version (CPT-II), respectively. The scores of the tactical performance achieved by players in FUT-SAT were separated into three levels: low, intermediate and high. Values of Number of Commission Errors, Number of Omission Errors and Hit Reaction Time of CPT-II achieved by the players from low and high groups in tactical performance were compared by the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. Results revealed that players with high scores in tactical performance presented lower values of Hit Reaction Time (Z = - 2.569; p = 0.010; r = -0.35). These results suggest that players with better tactical performance presented a better ability to respond faster in an inhibitory control task

Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar la inuencia la asociación entre el control inhibitorio y el rendimiento táctico de jugadores de fútbol menores de 15 años; por tanto se analizaron los datos de 166 jugadores. Para evaluar el desempeño táctico y el control inhibitorio se utilizó el Sistema de evaluación táctica en futbol (FUT-SAT) y el Conners Continuous Performance Test (CPT-II) respectivamente. El desempeño de los jugadores en FUT-SAT eran dividieron en tres niveles: bajo, intermedio y alto. Valores del número de errores de la comisión, número de errores de la omisión y tiempo de reacción de los jugadores de los grupos con bajos y altos desempeño táctico fue comparado por la prueba no-paramétrica de Mann-Whitney. Los resultados revelaron que los jugadores com altos niveles de desempeño táctico presentaron valores más bajos de Tiempo de Reacción (Z = - 2.569; p = 0.010; r = -0.35). Estos resultados sugieren que los jugadores con un mejor rendimiento táctico presentan una mejor capacidad para responder más rápido en una tarea de control inhibitorio

Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a associação entre o controle inibitório e o desempenho táctico de jogadores de futebol com menos de 15 anos. Dados de 166 jogadores de futebol com menos de 15 anos foram analisados. O desempenho tático e o controle inibitório foram avaliados pelo Sistema de Avaliação Tática no Futebol (FUT-SAT) e pelo Teste de Desempenho Contínuo 2ª versão (CPT-II), respectivamente. Os escores do desempenho tático obtidos pelos jogadores no FUT-SAT foram separados em três níveis: baixo, intermediário e alto. Os valores do Número de Erros de Comissão, Número de Erros de Omissão e Tempo de Reação de Acerto do CPT-II alcançados pelos jogadores dos grupos baixo e alto no desempenho tático foram comparados pelo teste não-paramétrico de Mann-Whitney. Os resultados revelaram que os jogadores com altas pontuações no desempenho tático apresentaram menores valores de Tempo de Reação da Batida (Z = - 2,569; p = 0,010; r = -0,35). Estes resultados sugerem que os jogadores com melhor desempenho tático apresentaram uma melhor capacidade de responder mais rapidamente em uma tarefa de controle inibitório

Relationship Between Tactical Performance, Somatic Maturity and Functional Capabilities in Young Soccer Players.

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between tactical performance, somatic maturity, and functional capabilities in young soccer players. Study participants were 48 soccer players (14.80 ± 1.5 years) belonging to an extension project at the State University of Maringa - Brazil. Anthropometric measurements of body mass, body height, and sitting height were carried out. The number of years to peak height velocity (PHV) was used as an index of maturation. Evaluations of functional fitness included the following tests: sit-and-reach, Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1, handgrip test, modified abdominal test, and vertical jumps (Counter Movement Jump and Jump Squat). Tactical performance was assessed through the System of Tactical Assessment in Soccer (FUT-SAT). Multiple Linear Regression models were used to estimate the relative contributions of functional and maturational capacities to tactical performance. The results indicated weak associations between the tactical performance indices and somatic maturity, functional capacity, and anthropometric attributes (r < 0.40). The Yo-Yo Test contributed to 36% of the defensive tactic performance variation in the under 13 category. These results suggest that the level of maturity, growth status, and functional fitness have limited impact on tactical performance of young soccer players.

Análise tática no futsal: estudo comparativo do desempenho de jogadores de quatro categorias de formação

Resumo O estudo objetivou comparar comportamentos táticos de jogadores de futsal das categorias sub-13, sub-15, sub-17 e sub-20. O teste usado foi o FUT-SAT, que avalia ações táticas de acordo com os princípios do jogo. A partir das diferenças significativas entre as categorias, verificou-se que nas maiores os jogadores efetuaram mais ações táticas relativas aos princípios "cobertura ofensiva", "espaço", "contenção", "cobertura defensiva", "concentração" e "unidade defensiva" e nas menores executaram mais ações de "penetração" e "mobilidade". Constata-se que os jogadores da categoria sub-20 erraram menos na "fase defensiva" e no "jogo" e obtiveram melhores índices de performance tática na "fase defensiva" comparados com os jogadores das categorias sub-15 e sub-17.

Abstract The paper aimed to compare tactical behaviors of Futsal players from U-13, U-15, U-17 and U-20 age levels. The FUT-SAT was used to evaluated tactical actions according to tactical principles of the game of soccer. It was verified that at higher age levels players performed more tactical actions related to the principles "offensive coverage", "width and length", "delay", "defensive coverage", "concentration" and "defensive unity" and at lower age levels they performed more actions of "penetration" and "mobility". It is concluded that U-20 players played better in the "defensive phase" and "in game" and obtained better tactical performance indexes in the "defensive phase" when compared to those from the U-15 and U-17 age levels.

El estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar comportamientos tácticos de jugadores de fútsal de las categorías sub-13, sub-15, sub-17 y sub-20. El test utilizado fue el FUT-SAT que evalúa acciones tácticas según los principios tácticos del juego. Se verificó que en los niveles de edades superiores los jugadores efectuaron más acciones tácticas relativas a los principios de "cobertura ofensiva", "espacio", "contención", "cobertura defensiva", "concentración, y "unidad defensiva" y en los niveles de edades inferiores ejecutaron más acciones de "penetración" y "movilidad". Se constata que los jugadores de la categoría sub-20 fallaron menos en la "fase defensiva" y en "juego", y obtuvieran mejores índices de rendimiento táctico en la "fase defensiva", comparados con los jugadores de las categorías sub-15 y sub-17.